Traumatismos en dentición primaria. Secuelas postraumáticas en dentición permanente : Revisión sistemática

Introducción: los traumatismos dentales se definen como aquellas lesiones violentas de los tejidos dentarios y peridentarios producidas por agentes externos, excluyendo de este concepto el desgate por el uso, fisiológico o patológico, que, por otra parte, cuentan con otros métodos de valoración. Objetivos: valorar las secuelas que aparecen en dentición permanente a causa de traumatismos en dentición primaria. Material y método: se realizaron búsquedas a través de las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Cochrane, relacionando términos Mesh. Resultados: se obtienen un total de 45 artículos, resultando 31, tras eliminar los duplicados. Se excluyen los que no cumplen los criterios de inclusión impuestos, así como aquellos que tras leer el resumen no concuerdan con los objetivos del trabajo, quedando 19 artículos. Por último, tras la lectura completa de los mismos, se obtienen un total de 14 artículos. Conclusión: Las secuelas más comunes son las anomalías de corona mientras que las alteraciones en la raíz o en la relación corona-raíz son relativamente raras. Las lesiones postraumáticas en dentición temporal se observan más frecuentemente en niños menores de 2 años y en incisivos superiores, siendo las intrusiones el trauma más dañino.Introduction: dental trauma is defined as those violent lesions of the dental and peridentarial tissues produced by external agents, excluding from this concept the wear and tear due to the use, physiological or pathological, which, on the other hand, have others methods of valuation. Objectives: to evaluate the sequelae that appear in permanent dentition due to trauma in primary dentition. Material and method: searches were made through the Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane databases, relating Mesh terms. Results: a total of 45 articles are obtained, resulting in 31, after eliminating the duplicates. It excludes all that do not meet the inclusión criteria imposed, as well as those that after reading the summary do not agree with the objectives of the work, leaving 19 articles. Finally, after the complete reading of them, a total of 14 articles are obtained. Conclusion: The most common sequelae are crown anomalies while alterations in the root or in the crown-root relationship are relatively rare. Post-traumatic injuries in the primary dentition are more frequent in children younger than 2 years and in the upper incisors, with intrusions being the most damaging trauma.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Odontologí

A geometric approach to dense Cayley digraphs of finite Abelian groups

We give a method for constructing infinite families of dense (or eventually likely dense) Cayley digraphs of finite Abelian groups. The diameter of the digraphs is obtained by means of the related minimum distance diagrams. A dilating technique for these diagrams, which can be used for any degree of the digraph, is applied to generate the digraphs of the family. Moreover, two infinite families of digraphs with distinguished metric properties will be given using these methods. The first family contains digraphs with asymptotically large ratio between the order and the diameter as the degree increases (moreover it is the first known asymptotically dense family). The second family, for fixed degree d = 3, contains digraphs with the current best known density.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Abelian Cayley digraphs with asymptotically large order for any given degree

Abelian Cayley digraphs can be constructed by using a generalization to Z(n) of the concept of congruence in Z. Here we use this approach to present a family of such digraphs, which, for every fixed value of the degree, have asymptotically large number of vertices as the diameter increases. Up to now, the best known large dense results were all non-constructive.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Extrapolation : Experience gained from original biologics

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICBiologicals undergo modifications throughout their commercial lifecycle. Major changes can unintentionally magnify their inherent physicochemical variability. Although trials comparing the pre- and the post-change versions have been requested occasionally, analytical comparison is the most sensitive approach to anticipating clinical equivalence. Therefore, it may be concluded, by means of 'extrapolation', that non-identical versions of a given biologic will behave equally in all indications. Despite the lessons learned with original biologics, there are still controversies around the approval of biosimilars through extrapolation. Here, a comprehensive analysis of scattered information allows for an account of cases of original biologic versions approved in some indications with no patient trials involved. Healthcare professionals can be reassured that inasmuch as extrapolation has proven valid for new versions of original biologics, the same holds for biosimilars

Quinolinic Acid, an Endogenous Molecule Combining Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Other Toxic Mechanisms

Quinolinic acid (QUIN), an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is involved in several neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, HIV associated dementia (HAD) etc. QUIN toxicity involves several mechanisms which trigger various metabolic pathways and transcription factors. The primary mechanism exerted by this excitotoxin in the central nervous system (CNS) has been largely related with the overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, ATP exhaustion, free radical formation and oxidative damage. As a result, this toxic pattern is responsible for selective loss of middle size striatal spiny GABAergic neurons and motor alterations in lesioned animals. This toxin has recently gained attention in biomedical research as, in addition to its proven excitotoxic profile, a considerable amount of evidence suggests that oxidative stress and energetic disturbances are major constituents of its toxic pattern in the CNS. Hence, this profile has changed our perception of how QUIN-related disorders combine different toxic mechanisms resulting in brain damage. This review will focus on the description and integration of recent evidence supporting old and suggesting new mechanisms to explain QUIN toxicity

Decision system based on neural networks to optimize the energy efficiency of a petrochemical plant

The energy efficiency of industrial plants is an important issue in any type of business but particularly in the chemical industry. Not only is it important in order to reduce costs, but also it is necessary even more as a means of reducing the amount of fuel that gets wasted, thereby improving productivity, ensuring better product quality, and generally increasing profits. This article describes a decision system developed for optimizing the energy efficiency of a petrochemical plant. The system has been developed after a data mining process of the parameters registered in the past. The designed system carries out an optimization process of the energy efficiency of the plant based on a combined algorithm that uses the following for obtaining a solution: On the one hand, the energy efficiency of the operation points occurred in the past and, on the other hand, a module of two neural networks to obtain new interpolated operation points. Besides, the work includes a previous discriminant analysis of the variables of the plant in order to select the parameters most important in the plant and to study the behavior of the energy efficiency index. This study also helped ensure an optimal training of the neural networks. The robustness of the system as well as its satisfactory results in the testing process (an average rise in the energy efficiency of around 7%, reaching, in some cases, up to 45%) have encouraged a consulting company (ALIATIS) to implement and to integrate the decision system as a pilot software in an SCADA

Trace elements, pH and organic matter evolution in contaminated soils under assisted natural remediation: a four year field study

A 4-year study was undertaken on the effect of three amendments (biosolid compost (BC), sugar beet lime (SL), and combination of leonardite plus sugar beet lime (LESL)) on reclamation of a moderately trace element-contaminated soil under field conditions. Results showed that organic C increased in BC and LESL treatments. BC and SL treatments increased soil pH and reduced CaCl2-extractablemetal concentrations more efficiently. At the end of the experiment, CaCl2-extractable metal concentrations decreased and were similar in all treatments pointing out the importance of the natural remediation processes in contaminated soils. Addition of amendments showed no clear reduction in EDTA-extractable trace element concentrations, even, BC and LESL subplots showed some little increase of these elements with time. Amendments did not cause any change in total trace element concentration in soil. Addition of amendments could be a successful and reliable long term technique for stabilization of trace elements in contaminated soils at a field scale with minimum maintenance.Peer reviewe

Amendments to enhance phytoremediation: Single or repetitive applications in time?

We tested the effectiveness of single and repetitive additions of three amendments on trace element stabilisation and volunteer vegetation development in a contaminated soil. The results showed the need of repeated addition depending on the amendment. In the case of inorganic amendments (sugar lime) a single addition was enough to accelerate natural attenuation in soil. However, when organic materials were used solubility of these compounds increased trace element availability with time and new addition were necessary for trace element stabilizationPeer reviewe

Developments in Spanish public debt since the start of the crisis

Artículo de revist

Avaluació de nous algorismes per a la creació de camins entre nodes de la xarxa TOR

En este proyecto se presenta un estudio y una implementación sobre estrategias de selección de nodos de la red TOR. Para esto en una primera parte teorica se da a conocer todo lo que comportan las redes anónimas y su implementación en diferentes entornos. A continuación se estudian los requerimientos y la viabilidad del proyecto. Finalmente exponemos el diseño y desarrollo de los distintos algoritmos propuestos juntamente con las pruebas realizadas y las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado.En aquest projecte es presenta un estudi i una implementació sobre estratègies de selecció de nodes de la xarxa TOR. Per això es mostra en una primera part teòrica on es dóna a conèixer tot el que comporten les xarxes anònimes i la seva implantació en diferents entorns. A continuació s'estudien els requeriments i viabilitat del projecte. Finalment exposem el disseny i desenvolupament dels diferents algorismes proposats juntament amb les proves realitzades i les conclusions a les que s'ha arribat.This project presents a study and an implementation on selection strategies TOR network nodes. For this reason, we present in a first theoretical part wich is made known all that behave anonymous networks and it's implementation in different environments. Here we study the requirements and viability of the project. Finally we discuss the design and development of individual proposed algorithms together with the testing results and conclusions we have reached